List of Presidents of Peru

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Peru

File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Peru

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Established in the Constitution of 1993, the President of Peru, officially the President of the Republic (Presidente de la República), is the chief of state of Peru and represents the republic in official international matters. The presidential term is five years. Also, Peru does not allow an incumbent President to succeed himself, so the incumbent President is barred from running in the election. (A former president may run again in subsequent presidential elections). The current president of Peru is Alan García, elected in 2006.

Contents 1 History 2 Current living former presidents 3 Presidents of the Republic (1821–Present) 4 See also 5 References

History

During its more than 180 years of independence, Peru has been ruled by the military leaders who fought for independence, the leaders of the War of the Pacific, representatives of the aristocracy, and democratically-elected leaders. Also, the history of the presidency has involved civil wars, coups and violence. More than once, several individuals claimed the right to be president at the same time.

Different titles have been used, such as "Protector of Peru" (used by José de San Martin), "Liberator" (used by Simón Bolivar) and "Supreme Protector" (by Andrés de Santa Cruz).

The following table contains a list of the individuals who have served as president of Peru.

Current living former presidents

1. Francisco Morales Bermúdez (1975–1980)
2. Alberto Fujimori (1990–2000)
3. Alejandro Toledo (2001–2006)

Presidents of the Republic (1821–Present)

#		President	Inaugurated	Left office	Form of Entry	Title
1	File:Smartin.JPG	José de San Martín	July 28, 1821	September 20, 1822	Indirect elections	Protector of Peru
2	File:LunaPizarro1.jpg	Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro	September 20, 1822	September 22, 1822	Indirect elections	Interim caretaker
3	File:LaMar1.jpg	José La Mar	September 22, 1822	February 27, 1823	Elected by Congress	President of the Government Junta
4	File:Torre Tagle.png	José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle	February 27, 1823	February 28, 1823
5	File:JRivaAguero01.jpg	José de la Riva Agüero	February 28, 1823	June 23, 1823	Elected by Congress
6	File:Jose de scure.jpg	Antonio José de Sucre	June 23, 1823	July 17, 1823	Elected by Congress
7	File:Torre Tagle.png	José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle	July 17, 1823	February 17, 1824	Elected by Congress	Supreme Delegate
8	File:Simon Bolivar.jpg	Simón Bolívar	February 17, 1824	January 28, 1827	Elected by Congress	Liberator of Peru
9	File:IMAGE Andres de Santa Cruz www.presidencia.bo.org.jpg	Andrés de Santa Cruz	January 28, 1827	June 9, 1827	Elected by Congress	President of the Government Council
10	File:Msalazaryb.png	Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano	June 9, 1827	August 22, 1827	Elected by Congress	Interim caretaker
11	File:LaMar1.jpg	José La Mar	August 22, 1827	June 7, 1829	Direct Elections
12	File:Agutierrezf.png	Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente	June 7, 1829	September 1, 1829	Coup d'état
13	File:Agustín Gamarra.jpg	Agustín Gamarra	September 1, 1829	December 20, 1833	Elected by Congress
14	File:LunaPizarro1.jpg	Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro	December 20, 1833	December 21, 1833	Elected by Congress	Interim caretaker
15	File:Orbegoso1.jpg	Luis José de Orbegoso y Moncada	December 21, 1833	August 11, 1836	Elected by Congress
16	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Pedro Pablo Bermúdez[1]	January 4, 1833	April 24, 1834	Coup d'état	Provisional Supreme Ruler
17	File:Salaverry2.jpg	Felipe Santiago Salaverry[2]	February 23, 1835	February 7, 1836	Coup d'état	Supreme Legislator
18	File:IMAGE Andres de Santa Cruz www.presidencia.bo.org.jpg	Andrés de Santa Cruz[3]	August 11, 1836	August 25, 1838		Supreme Protector of the Confederation
19	File:Agustín Gamarra.jpg	Agustín Gamarra	August 25, 1838	November 18, 1841	Elected by Congress
20	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Manuel Menéndez	November 18, 1841	August 16, 1842	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Council
21	File:Torrico1.jpg	Juan Crisóstomo Torrico	August 16, 1842	October 17, 1842	Coup d'état
22	File:Vidal1.jpg	Juan Francisco de Vidal[4]	October 17, 1842	March 15, 1843	Coup d'état
23	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Justo Figuerola	March 15, 1843	March 20, 1843	Coup d'état
24	File:Vivanco1.jpg	Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco	March 20, 1843	June 17, 1844	Selfproclaimed President
25	File:Domingonieto.jpg	Domingo Nieto	March 20, 1843	February 17, 1844	Selfproclaimed President
26	File:RamonCastilla.jpg	Ramón Castilla	February 17, 1844	August 10, 1844	Elected in replace of Domingo Nieto
27	File:Domingo Elias.jpg	Domingo Elías	June 17, 1844	August 10, 1844	Selfproclaimed President
'28	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Manuel Menéndez	August 10, 1844	August 11, 1844	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Council
29	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Justo Figuerola	August 11, 1844	October 7, 1844	Coup d'état
30	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Manuel Menéndez	October 7, 1844	April 20, 1845	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Council
31	File:RamonCastilla.jpg	Ramón Castilla	April 20, 1845	April 20, 1851	Direct Elections
33	File:1851joseechenique.jpg	José Rufino Echenique	April 20, 1851	January 5, 1855	Direct Elections
34	File:RamonCastilla.jpg	Ramón Castilla	January 5, 1855	October 24, 1862	Coup d'état Direct Elections
35	File:Miguelsanroman.png	Miguel de San Román	October 24, 1862	April 3, 1863	Direct Elections
36	File:RamonCastilla.jpg	Ramón Castilla	April 3, 1863	April 9, 1863	Revolution Selfproclaimed President
37	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Pedro Diez Canseco	April 3, 1863	August 5, 1863	Interim caretaker	Second Vicepresident
38	File:President Pezet.jpg	Juan Antonio Pezet	August 5, 1863	April 25, 1865		First Vicepresident
39	File:Mariano Prado.jpg	Mariano Ignacio Prado	April 25, 1865	June 24, 1865	Coup d'état
40	File:President Pezet.jpg	Juan Antonio Pezet	June 24, 1865	November 8, 1865
41	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Pedro Diez Canseco	November 8, 1865	November 28, 1865	Interim caretaker
42	File:Mariano Prado.jpg	Mariano Ignacio Prado	November 28, 1865	January 8, 1868	Direct Elections
-	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Pedro Diez Canseco	January 8, 1868	August 2, 1868	Interim caretaker
43	File:Jose Balta.jpg	José Balta	August 2, 1868	July 22, 1872	Direct Elections
44	File:Tgutierrez.png	Tomás Gutiérrez	July 22, 1872	July 26, 1872	Coup d'état	Supreme Leader of the Nation
45	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Francisco Diez Canseco	July 26, 1872	July 27, 1872	Interim caretaker
46	File:HerenciaZevallos.jpg	Mariano Herencia Zevallos	July 27, 1872	August 2, 1872	Interim caretaker
47	File:Mpardol.png	Manuel Pardo	August 2, 1872	August 2, 1876	Direct Elections
48	File:Mariano Prado.jpg	Mariano Ignacio Prado	August 2, 1876	December 23, 1879	Direct Elections
49	File:Nicolas de Pierola.jpg	Nicolás de Piérola	December 23, 1879	November 28, 1881	Coup d'état	Commander in Chief of the State
50	File:Garcia Calderon.jpg	Francisco García Calderón	March 12, 1881	September 28, 1881	Elected by Congress Chilean Occupation (Lima)	Provisional President of the Republic
51	File:LizardoMontero.jpg	Lizardo Montero Flores	September 28, 1881	November 6, 1881	Elected by Congress Chilean Occupation (Arequipa)	Provisional President of the Republic
52	File:Andres Caceres.jpg	Andrés Avelino Cáceres	November 6, [[1881[clarification needed]]]	December 25, [[1882[clarification needed]]]	Selfproclaimed Chilean Occupation (Central Peru)	President of the Republic
53	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Miguel Iglesias	November 6, [[1881[clarification needed]]]	December 25, [[1882[clarification needed]]]	Elected by Congress Chilean Occupation (Cajamarca)	Regenerator President of the Republic
54	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Antonio Arenas	December 3, [[1885[clarification needed]]]	June 5, 1886	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Junta
55	File:Andres Caceres.jpg	Andrés Avelino Cáceres	June 5, 1886	August 10, 1890	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
56	File:Remigio Morales Bermudez Presidente.jpg	Remigio Morales Bermúdez	August 10, 1890	April 1, 1894	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
57	File:Justiniano Borgoño presidente.jpg	Justiniano Borgoño	April 1, 1894	August 10, 1894	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Junta
58	File:Andres Caceres.jpg	Andrés Avelino Cáceres	August 10, 1894	March 20, 1895	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
59	File:Manuel Candamo.jpg	Manuel Candamo	March 20, 1895	September 8, 1895	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Junta
60	File:Nicolas de Pierola.jpg	Nicolás de Piérola	September 8, 1895	September 8, 1899	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
61		Eduardo López de Romaña	September 8, 1899	September 8, 1903	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
62	File:Manuel Candamo.jpg	Manuel Candamo	September 8, 1903	May 7, 1904	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
63	File:SerapioCalderon.jpg	Serapio Calderón	May 7, 1904	September 24, 1904	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Junta
64	File:Pardo y Barreda.jpg	José Pardo y Barreda	September 24, 1904	September 24, 1908	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
65	File:LEGUIA.jpg	Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo	September 24, 1908	September 24, 1912	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
66	File:Guillermo billinghurst.jpg	Guillermo Billinghurst	September 24, 1912	February 4, 1914	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
67	File:Óscar Benavides.jpg	Óscar Benavides	February 4, 1914	August 18, 1915	Coup d'état
68	File:Pardo y Barreda.jpg	José Pardo y Barreda	August 18, 1915	July 4, 1919	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
69	File:LEGUIA.jpg	Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo	July 4, 1919	August 25, 1930	Direct Elections Coup d'état	Constitutional President
70	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Manuel María Ponce Brousset	August 25, 1930	August 27, 1930	Interim caretaker
71	File:Sánchez Cerro.jpg	Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro	August 27, 1930	March 1, 1931	Coup d'état	President of the Provisional Government Junta
72	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias	March 1, 1931	March 5, 1931	Coup d'état	President of the Provisional Government Junta
73	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Gustavo Jiménez	March 5, 1931	March 11, 1931	Coup d'état	President of the Provisional Government Junta
74	File:Samanez Ocampo.jpg	David Samanez Ocampo	March 11, 1931	December 8, 1931	Interim caretaker	President of the Southern Junta
75	File:Sánchez Cerro.jpg	Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro	December 8, 1931	April 30, 1933	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
76	File:Óscar Benavides.jpg	Óscar Benavides	April 30, 1933	December 8, 1939	Elected by Congress	Constitutional President
77	File:President Don Manuel Prado.JPG	Manuel Prado y Ugarteche	December 8, 1939	July 28, 1945	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
78	File:Bustamantejoseluis.JPG	José Luis Bustamante y Rivero	July 28, 1945	October 29, 1948	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
79		Manuel Odría	October 29, 1948	June 1, 1950	Coup d'état
80	File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg	Zenón Noriega Agüero	June 1, 1950	July 28, 1950	Interim caretaker
81		Manuel Odría	July 28, 1950	July 28, 1956	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
82	File:President Don Manuel Prado.JPG	Manuel Prado y Ugarteche	July 28, 1956	July 18, 1962	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
83		Ricardo Pérez Godoy	July 18, 1962	March 3, 1963	Coup d'état	1st President of the Military Junta
84		Nicolás Lindley	March 3, 1963	July 28, 1963	Coup d'état	2nd President of the Military Junta
85		Fernando Belaúnde Terry	July 28, 1963	October 3, 1968	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
86	File:Velasco Alvarado.jpg	Juan Velasco Alvarado	October 3, 1968	August 30, 1975	Coup d'état	1st President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces
87	File:Fmorber.png	Francisco Morales Bermúdez	August 30, 1975	July 28, 1980	Coup d'état	2nd President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces
88		Fernando Belaúnde Terry	July 28, 1980	July 28, 1985	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
89	File:Garciaalan09112006.jpg	Alan García Pérez	July 28, 1985	July 28, 1990	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
90	File:FujimoriUSIP.jpg	Alberto Fujimori	July 28, 1990	November 22, 2000[5]	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
91	File:VPC May 2003.jpg	Valentín Paniagua	November 22, 2000	July 28, 2001	As President of Congress, was 3rd in the line of succession. Raised to power after the President was impeached and both VP resigned.	President of Transition Government
92	File:Alejandro Toledo (8682).jpg	Alejandro Toledo	July 28, 2001	July 28, 2006	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
93	File:Garciaalan09112006.jpg	Alan García Pérez	July 28, 2006	Present[update]	Direct Elections	Constitutional President

See also

• Peru presidential line of succession
• History of Peru
• Politics of Peru

References

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