List of heads of state of Panama

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List of the Presidents of Panama (1840-Present)

This page lists presidents of Panama since both independences, in 1840 and in 1903. See also lists of incumbents.

Shortlived first independence (1840-1841)

Superior Civil Chief 18 November 1840 - 20 March 1841 general Tomás de Herrera (b. 1804 - d. 1854)
Superior Chief of State 20 March 1841 - 8 June 1841 the same Tomás de Herrera
President 8 June 1841 - 31 December 1841 the same Tomás de Herrera

President of the Municipal Council of Panama and de facto President (1903)

Demetrio H. Brid: 3 November 1903 - 4 November 1903

Members of the Provisional Government Junta (1903-1904)

José Agustín Arango: 4 November 1903 - 20 February 1904
Tomás Arias: 4 November 1903 - 20 February 1904
Federico Boyd: 4 November 1903 - 20 February 1904

Presidents of Panama (1904-Present)

Manuel Amador: 20 February 1904 – 1 October 1908
José Domingo de Obaldía: 1 October 1908 – 1 March 1910
Carlos Antonio Mendoza (acting): March 1 – 1 October 1910
Federico Boyd (acting): 1 – 5 October 1910
Pablo Arosemena (acting): 5 October 1910 – 1 October 1912
Belisario Porras: 1 October 1912 – 1 October 1916
Ramón Maximiliano Valdés: 1 October 1916 – 3 June 1918
Ciro Luis Urriola (acting): June 3 – 1 October 1918
Pedro Antonio Díaz (acting): 1 – 12 October 1918
Belisario Porras: 12 October 1918 – 30 January 1920
Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre (acting): January 30 – 1 October 1920
Belisario Porras: 1 October 1920 – 1 October 1924
Rodolfo Chiari: 1 October 1924 – 1 October 1928
Florencio Harmodio Arosemena: 1 October 1928 – 3 January 1931
Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro: 16 January 1931 – 5 June 1932
Harmodio Arias: 5 June 1932 – 1 October 1936
Juan Demóstenes Arosemena: 1 October 1936 – 16 December 1939
Ezequiel Fernández (acting): 16 – 18 December 1939
Augusto Samuel Boyd (acting): 18 December 1939 – 1 October 1940
Arnulfo Arias: 1 October 1940 – 9 October 1941
Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia: 9 October 1941 – 15 June 1945
Enrique Adolfo Jiménez (provisional): 15 June 1945 – 7 August 1948
Domingo Díaz Arosemena: 7 August 1948 – 28 July 1949
Daniel Chanis: July 28 – 20 November 1949
Roberto Francisco Chiari: 20 – 24 November 1949
Arnulfo Arias: 24 November 1949 – 9 May 1951
Alcibíades Arosemena: 9 May 1951 – 1 October 1952
José Antonio Remón: 1 October 1952 – 2 January 1955
José Ramón Guizado: January 2 – 29 March 1955
Ricardo Arias: 29 March 1955 – 1 October 1956
Ernesto de la Guardia: 1 October 1956 – 1 October 1960
Roberto Francisco Chiari: 1 October 1960 – 1 October 1964
Marco Aurelio Robles: 1 October 1964 – 1 October 1968 (Max Delvalle (acting): 8 April – 15 April 1967
Arnulfo Arias: 1 – 11 October 1968
José María Pinilla (Chairman Provisional Junta alongside Deputy Colonel Bolivar Urrutia): 12 October 1968 – 18 December 1969
Demetrio B. Lakas: 19 December 1969 – 11 October 1978
Aristides Royo: 11 October 1978 – 31 July 1982
Ricardo de la Espriella: 31 July 1982 – 13 February 1984
Jorge Illueca: February 13 – 11 October 1984
Nicolás Ardito Barletta: 11 October 1984 – 28 September 1985
Eric Arturo Delvalle: 28 September 1985 – 26 February 1988
Manuel Solís (acting): 26 February 1988 – 1 September 1989
Francisco Rodríguez (provisional): 1 September – 20 December 1989
Guillermo Endara: 20 December 1989 – 1 September 1994
Ernesto Pérez Balladares: 1 September 1994 – 1 September 1999
Mireya Moscoso: 1 September 1999 – 1 September 2004
Martín Torrijos: 1 September 2004 –1 July 2009
Ricardo Martinelli: 1 July 2009 – Incumbent

Military (de facto) leaders of Panama (1968-1989)

From 1968 to 1989, the commandant of the Panamanian Defense Forces (known as the National Guard until 1983) was the de facto leader of Panama.

Brigadier General Omar Torrijos: 11 October 1968 – 31 July 1981
Colonel Florencio Flores Aguilar: 31 July 1981 – 3 March 1982
Colonel Ruben Dario Paredes: 3 March 1982 – 12 August 1983
General Manuel Noriega: 12 August 1983 – 20 December 1989

Latest election

Main article: Panamanian general election, 2009

e • d **Summary of the 3 May 2009 Panamanian presidential election results**
Candidates	Parties	Votes	%
Ricardo Martinelli	Democratic Change, Patriotic Union Party, Panameñista Party, Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement	952,333	59.97
Balbina Herrera	Democratic Revolutionary Party, People's Party, Liberal Party	597,227	37.70
Guillermo Endara	Fatherland's Moral Vanguard Party	36,867	2.33
Valid votes (turnout 73.99%)		1,558,445	100.0
Blank votes		19,105	1.17
Invalid votes		30,976	1.89
Total votes		1,636,508	100.00
Source: Tribunal Electoral